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Learning Disorders

About learning disorders

Learning disorders, often called Specific Learning Disorder, affect the way people learn and use reading, writing, or maths skills. They can be present from childhood and continue into adulthood, even with good teaching and effort. Australian prevalence estimates vary, but learning disorders are commonly identified in school settings and can affect a meaningful minority of students.

How learning disorders can show up

  • Reading difficulties: Slow, effortful reading or trouble with accuracy and fluency (dyslexia).
  • Writing and spelling: Difficulty with spelling, handwriting, or written expression (dysgraphia).
  • Maths challenges: Problems with number sense, calculation, or reasoning (dyscalculia).
  • Working memory and processing: Trouble holding information in mind or completing tasks quickly.
  • Fatigue and avoidance: Increased effort, frustration, or avoidance of schoolwork.
  • Self-esteem impacts: Feeling behind peers, anxious about performance, or losing confidence.

Further information about learning disorders

  • Reading (dyslexia): Difficulties with decoding, fluency, and comprehension.
  • Written expression (dysgraphia): Spelling, handwriting, or written organisation challenges.
  • Mathematics (dyscalculia): Difficulties with number facts, reasoning, and calculations.
  • Uneven learning profiles: Strong abilities in some areas alongside specific challenges.
  • Assessment and adjustments: Formal assessment can guide tailored supports at school or work.

Self-help ideas for learning disorders

  • Break tasks into smaller steps with clear checklists.
  • Use multisensory learning tools and visual supports.
  • Try assistive technology like text-to-speech or spellcheck tools.
  • Plan short, regular study sessions with movement breaks.
  • Advocate for reasonable adjustments and supportive learning environments.

When to see a psychologist or counsellor

Support can help when learning difficulties are persistent or impacting wellbeing.

  • Learning challenges continue despite good instruction and practice.
  • There is a significant gap between effort and results at school or work.
  • Stress, avoidance, or low confidence is increasing.
  • You want assessment or guidance on strategies and adjustments.

How we help with learning disorders

  • Psychoeducation about learning profiles and strengths.
  • Assessment and recommendations when clinically appropriate.
  • Practical strategies for study skills, organisation, and confidence.
  • Support for families, schools, or workplaces to implement adjustments.